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Sains Malaysiana 55(1)(2026): 129-142
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5501-10
Rafflesia harjatii (Rafflesiaceae) sp. nov., A New Species from East Kalimantan, Indonesia
(Rafflesia harjatii (Rafflesiaceae) sp. nov., Satu Spesies Baharu dari Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia)
RIDHA MAHYUNI1, AGUS SUSATYA2,*,
SUDARMONO1, DIAN LATIFAH3, WILLIE SMITS4
1Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National
Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor km. 46. Cibinong,
16911, West Java, Indonesia
2Department
of Forestry, Universitas Bengkulu, Jl. Raya Kandang Limun, 38371 Bengkulu,
Indonesia
3Research Center for Applied Botany, Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor km.
46, Cibinong, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
4Arsari Enviro Industri, Midplaza 2, 6th Floor, Jl. Jend.
Sudirman, Jakarta 10220, Indonesia
Diserahkan: 27 Mei 2025/Diterima: 12 Januari 2026
Abstract
The vast and difficult to access region
of Kalimantan is known to the home of eight species of Rafflesia including the arguable taxonomy status of three incomplete species. Flowering events of Rafflesia have been reported from East Kalimantan. However, their taxonomy statuses
have not been verified. This information leads to the National Research and
Innovation Agency (BRIN) to launch an initiative exploration investigating the
taxonomy of Rafflesia in East Kalimantan. This exploration
involved morphological comparisons and DNA sequencing analysis to determine the
taxonomic status of the flowering Rafflesia found
at ITCI-Kartika Utama Timber concession (ITCI-KU) in Sepaku, Penajam Paser Utara, East
Kalimantan. The
morphological comparisons between Rafflesia species from ITCI-KU and the eight Rafflesia recorded in Kalimantan showed the consistent differences with regard to the
absence of windows, a single anulus, polymorphic processi,
toadstool, and branched swollen apex of ramenta structures. It shares similarities with R. tengku-adlinii from Sabah, Malaysia, and Rafflesia aurantia from Luzon, Philippines, particularly regarding the absence of window
structures, and the size of flowering. However, it differs from these two
species in several diagnostic characters including the diaphragm openness, the
structure and arrangement of ramenta, processus, column, groove, and annulus. The result of DNA
analysis also confirmed that the Rafflesia from ITCI-KU differs from the all reported Rafflesia from Kalimantan. Thus, it has designated as Rafflesia harjatii sp. nov. An identification key to distinguish species of Rafflesia in Kalimantan is also provided.
Keywords: New taxon;
Kalimantan; morphology; Rafflesia; ramenta
Abstrak
Wilayah Kalimantan yang luas dan sukar diakses diketahui menempatkan lapan spesies Rafflesia, termasuk tiga jenis tidak lengkap yang boleh dipertikaikan status taksonominya. Kejadian Rafflesia berbunga telah dilaporkan dari Kalimantan Timur, namun status taksonominya belum disahkan. Maklumat ini mendorong Agensi Penyelidikan dan Inovasi Negara
(BRIN) melancarkan inisiatif penerokaan yang mengkaji taksonomi Rafflesia di
Kalimantan Timur. Penerokaan ini melibatkan perbandingan morfologi dan analisis DNA untuk menentukan status taksonomi Rafflesia yang berbunga daripada konsesi Kayu ITCI-Kartika Utama (ITCI-KU)
di Sepaku, Penajam Paser Utara, Kalimantan Timur. Perbandingan morfologi dengan lapan spesies Kalimantan yang direkodkan menunjukkan perbezaan yang tekal; termasuk ketiadaan tetingkap, anulus luaran tunggal, prosesi polimorfik dan toadstool bercampur dan ramenta apeks bengkak bercabang. Ia berkongsi persamaan dengan Rafflesia tengku-adliniidari Sabah,
Malaysia dan Rafflesia aurantia dari Luzon, Filipina terutamanya mengenai ketiadaan struktur tetingkap. Walau bagaimanapun, ia berbeza daripada kedua-dua spesies ini dalam beberapa aspek termasuk keterbukaan diafragma, struktur dan susunan ramenta, prosesi, ciri lajur dan anulus. Hasil analisis DNA menyokong hasil perbandingan morfologi. Oleh itu, Rafflesia berbunga yang diperhatikan di ITCI-KU mewakili species yang baru dikenal pasti dan ditetapkan sebagai Rafflesia harjatiisp. nov. Kunci pengenalan untuk membezakan spesies Rafflesia di
Kalimantan juga disediakan.
Kata kunci:
Kalimantan; morfologi; Rafflesia; ramenta; takson baharu
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: agussusatya@unib.ac.id
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